蓝藻资源化技术研究及应用进展

针对蓝藻资源化问题,概述国内外利用蓝藻制备有机肥、提取高纯度藻蓝蛋白、制备活性炭和藻粉这4种利用方式的特点、现状及应用进展。提出,应从高温好氧堆肥技术、藻蓝蛋白提取技术和藻水分离技术这3个方面,解决其关键技术问题并进行进一步研究开发。     

天津市地表水体与沉积物中7种高关注酚类化合物的污染特征与生态风险分析

为探究地表水体与沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布特征和生态风险,选择天津市3个水源地与6条主要河流,采集了26个地表水样与6个沉积物样品,利用固相萃取与超声萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了水样及沉积物中1-萘酚(1-naphthol)、壬基酚(nonylphenol, NP)、双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)、2-苯基苯酚(biphenyl-2-ol)、3,4-二氯酚(3,4-dichlorophenol)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)和对叔丁基苯酚(p-tert-butylphenol, PTBP)等7种高关注酚类化合物的浓度水平,并应用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)法和熵值法(ecological risk quotient, RQ)评估7种酚类化合物水环境和沉积物的生态风险。结果表明,地表水样中7种酚类化合物均全部检出;其中壬基酚的检出浓度最高,其次为四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A。沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布规律与水样相似,除双酚A外的目标物全部检出。其中,壬基酚浓度比其他物质浓度高2个数量级。风险评估结果显示,壬基酚对水环境与沉积物存在不可接受的风险;而四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A则对环境具有较低风险或者存在一定的风险。     

Assessing the land use type and environment factors affecting groundwater nitrogen in an arid oasis in northwestern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Identifying the magnitude and seasonal variability of groundwater nitrogen (N) under various land use types and quantifying the contribution of their...     

考虑儿童运动特性的小学教学楼楼梯间人员疏散研究

为研究小学教学楼楼梯间人员运动行为以及影响人员疏散的因素，开展人员疏散实验并构建疏散模拟场景。基于疏散实验研究不同实验场景的出口流量和人员运动速度，通过疏散仿真模拟，分析不同人员运动速度、人员数量及疏散策略对疏散的影响。结果表明:排队下楼的人员运动速度比紧急疏散人员低22.7%，自由上楼人员运动速度比排队上楼人员高8%；人员总疏散时间随人员运动速度的增加而降低，但总疏散时间随速度增加而降低的幅度变小；加入分层疏散策略会增加人群疏散总时间，但整个疏散过程人员分布均匀，在建筑瓶颈不易产生人员过度拥挤现象，因而在疏散过程中应适当采用分层疏散策略。     

Nutrients Availability Shapes Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in the Rare Earth Mine Tailings of Southern Jiangxi,China

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study characterized the nutrients availability of three rare earth tailings deserted in different time stages in Southern Jiangxi of China, and revealed the...     

Does haze pollution affect public health in China from the perspective of environmental efficiency?

Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study attempts to introduce haze pollution into the environmental efficiency evaluation framework and measures PM2.5 environmental efficiency in...     

Use of historical and contemporary distribution of mammals in China to inform conservation

A systematic understanding of dynamic animal extinction trajectories for different regions in a nation like China is critically important to developing practical conservation strategies. We explored historical and contemporary changes in terrestrial mammalian diversity to determine how diversity in each of the 5 regions in China has changed over time and to examine the conservation potential of these regions. We used records from databases on Pleistocene mammalian fossils and historical distribution records (1175–2020) for Primates (as a case study) to reconstruct evolutionary and historical distribution trajectories of the 11 orders of terrestrial mammals and to predict their prospective survival based on the national conservation strategy applied. The results indicated that since the Pleistocene, 4–5 mammalian orders have been lost in the northeast, 3 in central China, 2 along the coast, and 1 in the northwest. In the southwest, all 11 orders were maintained. Contemporarily, the coast and southwest had the highest and second-highest species densities. The southwest region and southeastern sections of the northwest region were the most historically and contemporarily diverse areas, which suggests that they should be the first priority for protected area (PA) designation. The central and coastal areas should be secondarily prioritized. In these 2 regions, conservation should focus on human coexistence with nature. Less attention should be paid to the PA in the northeast and western northwest because in these areas ecosystems are depauperate and the climate is harsh. Conservation in these areas should focus principally on avoiding further human encroachment on natural areas. Article impact statement: Historical and contemporary patterns of extinction can be a basis for mammalian conservation strategies.     

近期长江张家洲南水道强冲刷机理与趋势分析

2016年9月利用多波束测深仪调查了张家洲河段河床微地貌的高分辨率形态与分布特征，结合1998年和2013年水下地形资料，分析了三峡截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤变化与演变趋势。结果表明：（1）张家洲河段整体呈冲刷状态，净冲刷量17.2×10.6 m³。其中，张家洲南水道是强冲刷区，最大冲刷深度约9 m；（2）河槽表层沉积物中值粒径为149.1~226.3 μm，与历史资料相比呈粗化趋势；（3）张家洲河段约82.9％的主航道发育了沙波，约14.0％的主航道发育了冲刷坑与冲刷槽，平床地形仅占3.1％。流域来沙量减少是张家洲河段整体冲刷的主要原因，而河流控制工程稳定了河势，迫使水流归槽，加剧了张家洲南水道的冲刷。随着流域来沙量持续减少，张家洲南水道主航道有可能进一步冲刷     

Biodegradation of Poly(Aspartic Acid-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers by Miscellaneous Microbes from Natural Water

Poly(aspartic acid-itaconic acid) copolymers (PAI) is a new scale inhibitor for water treatment. Thus, it is necessary to investigate its biodegradability. The biodegradability of PAI was investigated through CO₂ evolution tests under different conditions based on determination of carbon dioxide production. The investigation results showed that the degradation rate of PAI on day 10 and day 28 were respectively 38.7 and 79.5%, indicating that PAI was one kind of easily biodegradable scale inhibitors. With the increase in the content of itaconic acid in copolymerization process, the biodegradability of PAI was significantly reduced. In addition, the high biodegradability might be attributed to the existence of C–N bone-structure and more –COO–. Finally, Cu²⁺ could decrease the degradation percentage and the enzyme inhibition effect of Cu²⁺ was not the linear effect, but the “low-dosage effect”.